Cross Country
2024 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-11-02 | Michigan International Speedway (MIS) | 5000m | 17:13 | 149th · 5th on team | 124.0 | +0.022 | CSR |
| 2024-10-25 | Dewitt HS | 5000m | 16:44.6 | 15th · 3rd on team | 129.8 | +0.040 | ★PR ★CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2024-10-15 | Frankenmuth HS | 5000m | 17:48.14 | 10th · 4th on team | 129.8 | +0.100 | ★CR CSR RSR |
| 2024-10-12 | Ledge Meadows Golf Course | 5000m | 16:58.9 | 34th · 4th on team | 127.7 | +0.033 | ★CR CSR |
| 2024-10-08 | Freeland's Home Cross-Country Course | 5000m | 16:57.02 | 7th · 4th on team | 129.3 | +0.042 | ★CR SR CSR |
| 2024-10-05 | Portage West MS | 5000m | 17:12.6 | 69th · 4th on team | 127.0 | +0.038 | ★CR CSR |
| 2024-10-01 | Taymouth Township Park | 5000m | 16:58.68 | 11th · 5th on team | 129.5 | +0.049 | ★CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2024-09-28 | Dewitt HS | 5000m | 17:22 | 20th · 6th on team | 124.9 | +0.040 | CR SR CSR |
| 2024-09-25 | Ithaca Junior/Senior High School | 5000m | 17:40.6 | 13th · 5th on team | 125.8 | +0.058 | ★CR CSR |
| 2024-09-17 | Roberts Community Park | 5000m | 17:57.7 | 9th · 5th on team | 124.5 | +0.064 | ★CR CSR |
| 2024-09-13 | Forest Akers East Golf Course | 5000m | 17:39.5 | 47th · 5th on team | 127.9 | +0.061 | ★CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2024-09-04 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:49.3 | 31st · 7th on team | 121.8 | +0.028 | SR CSR |
| 2024-08-28 | Ithaca Junior/Senior High School | 5000m | 18:09.3 | 13th · 5th on team | 121.9 | +0.058 | SR CSR RSR |
2023 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-11-11 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 16:54.6 | 103rd · 2nd on team | 127.4 | +0.028 | |
| 2023-11-04 | Michigan International Speedway (MIS) | 5000m | 16:56 | 120th · 5th on team | 126.5 | +0.022 | ★CR CSR |
| 2023-10-27 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 16:57 | 19th · 4th on team | 129.3 | +0.028 | RSR |
| 2023-10-20 | Carson City-Crystal High School | 5000m | 17:17.7 | 9th · 5th on team | 127.9 | +0.049 | ★CR CSR |
| 2023-10-17 | Taymouth Township Park | 5000m | 17:00.6 | 19th · 5th on team | 128.9 | +0.049 | CR CSR RSR |
| 2023-10-14 | Ledge Meadows Golf Course | 5000m | 17:30.6 | 31st · 4th on team | 125.2 | +0.033 | CR CSR |
| 2023-10-10 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 16:49.4 | 12th · 5th on team | 128.0 | +0.028 | PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2023-10-03 | Taymouth Township Park | 5000m | 17:24.4 | 9th · 5th on team | 128.5 | +0.049 | CSR RSR |
| 2023-09-30 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:11.1 | 23rd · 5th on team | 126.6 | +0.028 | CR SR CSR |
| 2023-09-27 | Roberts Park | 5000m | 17:32.1 | 13th · 5th on team | 127.9 | +0.064 | ★CR CSR RSR |
| 2023-09-15 | Forest Akers East Golf Course | 5000m | 17:58.3 | 50th · 5th on team | 124.9 | +0.061 | CR CSR RSR |
| 2023-09-13 | Delta College OFFICIAL | 5000m | 18:10.8 | 16th · 5th on team | 119.4 | +0.039 | CSR |
| 2023-09-07 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:24.2 | 27th · 5th on team | 122.4 | +0.028 | SR CSR |
| 2023-08-30 | Ithaca Junior/Senior High School | 5000m | 17:44.2 | 11th · 6th on team | 124.7 | +0.058 | CR SR CSR RSR |
2022 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-11-12 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:14.9 | 114th · 1st on team | 126.2 | +0.028 | CR CSR |
| 2022-11-05 | Michigan International Speedway (MIS) | 5000m | 17:33.7 | 139th · 2nd on team | 126.4 | +0.022 | CR CSR |
| 2022-10-28 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:15.8 | 21st · 4th on team | 126.4 | +0.028 | CR CSR |
| 2022-10-21 | Fish Creek Sportsman's Club | 5000m | 17:39.1 | 12th · 3rd on team | 124.4 | +0.032 | ★CR CSR |
| 2022-10-18 | Taymouth Township Park | 5000m | 17:19.3 | 14th · 3rd on team | 128.9 | +0.049 | CR CSR |
| 2022-10-15 | Ledge Meadows Golf Course | 5000m | 17:42.7 | 52nd · 3rd on team | 123.8 | +0.033 | CR CSR |
| 2022-10-11 | Frankenmuth HS | 5000m | 18:17.6 | 10th · 3rd on team | 128.4 | +0.100 | CR CSR |
| 2022-10-06 | Uncle John's Cider Mill OFFICIAL | 5000m | 17:10.2 | 12th · 2nd on team | 130.5 | +0.046 | PR ★CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2022-10-01 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:28.4 | 16th · 3rd on team | 124.9 | +0.028 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2022-09-27 | Delta College OFFICIAL | 5000m | 17:55.3 | 12th · 3rd on team | 122.1 | +0.039 | PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2022-09-16 | Forest Akers East Golf Course | 5000m | 18:02.5 | 34th · 2nd on team | 126.0 | +0.061 | CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2022-09-13 | Freeland's Home Cross-Country Course | 5000m | 18:26.1 | 13th · 3rd on team | 120.0 | +0.042 | CR SR CSR |
| 2022-09-07 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 18:51.5 | 46th · 3rd on team | 116.6 | +0.028 | CSR |
| 2022-08-30 | Shiawassee County Fairgrounds | 5000m | 18:40.3 | 20th · 4th on team | 122.8 | +0.083 | ★CR SR CSR RSR |
2021 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-10-29 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 17:57.1 | 23rd · 3rd on team | 123.7 | +0.028 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2021-10-22 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 18:15.9 | 13th · 3rd on team | 119.7 | +0.028 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2021-10-19 | Taymouth Township Park | 5000m | 18:32.1 | 22nd · 3rd on team | 122.8 | +0.049 | CR CSR |
| 2021-10-16 | Ledge Meadows Golf Course | 5000m | 19:09.8 | 117th · 4th on team | 116.9 | +0.033 | CR CSR |
| 2021-10-12 | Roberts Park | 5000m | 18:24 | 13th · 2nd on team | 124.8 | +0.064 | PR CR SR CSR RSR |
| 2021-10-02 | Shepherd High School | 5000m | 18:38.4 | 42nd · 2nd on team | 118.9 | +0.028 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2021-09-28 | Delta College OFFICIAL | 5000m | 18:44.9 | 14th · 2nd on team | 119.5 | +0.039 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2021-09-17 | Forest Akers East Golf Course | 5000m | 18:54 | 74th · 2nd on team | 122.4 | +0.061 | CR CSR RSR |
| 2021-09-15 | Freeland's Home Cross-Country Course | 5000m | 19:26.4 | 15th · 2nd on team | 115.8 | +0.042 | CR CSR |
| 2021-09-11 | Stratford Woods OFFICIAL | 5000m | 19:02.9 | 23rd · 3rd on team | 119.9 | +0.053 | ★CR CSR |
| 2021-09-08 | Uncle John's Cider Mill OFFICIAL | 5000m | 18:46.3 | 21st · 3rd on team | 120.0 | +0.046 | PR CR SR CSR RSR |
2020 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-10-24 | Shepherd High School | 2655m | 11:46.5 | 4th · 2nd on team | 114.9 | — | ★PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2020-10-22 | Roberts Park | 3218m | 12:01.4 | 8th · 3rd on team | 147.7 | +0.066 | ★PR ★CR ★R SR CSR RSR |
| 2020-10-13 | Taymouth Township Park | 2735m | 12:44.1 | 5th · 3rd on team | 110.9 | — | ★PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2020-10-06 | Ithaca Junior/Senior High School | 3218m | 12:49.4 | 5th · 4th on team | 143.2 | +0.092 | R RSR |
| 2020-10-03 | Shepherd High School | 3218m | 12:19.6 | 6th · 5th on team | 139.8 | +0.055 | PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2020-09-29 | Frankenmuth HS | 3218m | 12:52.2 | 7th · 5th on team | 141.3 | +0.105 | ★CR CSR |
| 2020-09-16 | Freeland's Home Cross-Country Course | 3200m | 12:51.4 | 6th · 3rd on team | 137.1 | +0.061 | ★PR ★CR SR CSR |
| 2020-09-12 | Ithaca Junior/Senior High School | 3218m | 12:40.2 | 4th · 2nd on team | 142.0 | +0.092 | PR ★CR R SR CSR RSR |
| 2020-09-09 | Shepherd High School | 3218m | 12:56.7 | 9th · 3rd on team | 135.8 | +0.055 | R SR CSR RSR |
2019 XC
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-10-18 | Shepherd High School | 3218m | 12:55 | 41st · 4th on team | 134.2 | +0.055 | PR CR R SR CSR RSR |
| 2019-10-16 | Stratford Woods OFFICIAL | 3218m | 13:24.6 | 19th · 4th on team | 131.7 | +0.065 | ★CR CSR |
| 2019-09-28 | Shepherd High School | 3218m | 13:14.2 | 39th · 3rd on team | 130.9 | +0.055 | PR CR SR CSR |
| 2019-09-24 | Delta College OFFICIAL | 3000m | 12:30.4 | 12th · 4th on team | 132.5 | +0.064 | ★PR ★CR R SR CSR RSR |
| 2019-09-04 | Shepherd High School | 3218m | 13:34.1 | 31st · 4th on team | 128.1 | +0.055 | PR CR R SR CSR RSR |
Track & Field
2025 TF
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-05-23 | 2025 MITCA D2 Team State | 400m | 53.23 | 16th · 1st on team | — | -0.034 | |
| 2025-05-23 | 2025 MITCA D2 Team State | 800m | 2:07.23 | 16th · 3rd on team | 118.5 | -0.034 | |
| 2025-05-16 | MHSAA LP Region 11-2 @ Cadillac | 800m | 2:00.82 | 6th · 3rd on team | 126.5 | -0.023 | RSR |
| 2025-05-09 | Alma Panther Invite (EQ) | 400m | 53.93 | 9th · 2nd on team | — | -0.030 | |
| 2025-05-07 | TVC Red @ Alma | 800m | 2:03.79 | 4th · 3rd on team | 122.1 | -0.030 | |
| 2025-05-02 | 2025 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite (EQ) | 800m | 2:02.65 | 4th · 1st on team | 121.9 | -0.042 | |
| 2025-04-25 | The Barnyard Invitational and Elite Mile Showcase (EQ Approved) | 1600m | 5:08.78 | 133rd · 8th on team | 108.3 | -0.037 | |
| 2025-04-17 | Pewamo-Westphalia Invitational (EQ) | 800m | 2:05.22 | 4th · 3rd on team | 120.3 | -0.031 | |
| 2025-04-14 | TVC Frankenmuth-Bridgeport at Alma | 800m | 2:20.15 | 6th · 3rd on team | 108.1 | -0.030 | |
| 2025-04-14 | TVC Frankenmuth-Bridgeport at Alma | 400m | 53.61 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.030 | |
| 2025-04-11 | Doug Steward Memorial Invite (EQ Meet) (Saint Louis Invite) | 400m | 52.19 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.021 | ★PR SR |
| 2025-04-09 | TVC Quad @ Freeland | 800m | 2:05.68 | 1st · 1st on team | 121.2 | -0.025 | |
| 2025-02-22 | GVSU MITS #5 | 800m | 1:59.77 | 7th · 1st on team | 124.7 | -0.042 | ★PR SR RSR |
| 2025-02-02 | CMU MITS Meet | 800m | 2:09.24 | 15th · 2nd on team | 118.1 | -0.034 | SR RSR |
| 2025-01-25 | SVSU - MITS Meet #3 | 1600m | 4:52.41 | 30th · 4th on team | 114.0 | -0.041 | ★PR SR RSR |
2024 TF
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-05-24 | 2024 MITCA D2 Team State | 400m | 58.14 | 40th · 2nd on team | — | -0.034 | |
| 2024-05-18 | MHSAA LP Region 11-2 @ Shepherd | 800m | 2:05.33 | 8th · 1st on team | 119.4 | -0.042 | SR RSR |
| 2024-05-10 | Alma Panther Invite | 800m | 2:05.68 | 4th · 2nd on team | 118.7 | -0.042 | |
| 2024-05-08 | TVC Red Conference | 400m | 54.37 | 7th · 2nd on team | — | -0.034 | |
| 2024-05-03 | 2024 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite | 400m | 53.3 | 10th · 2nd on team | — | -0.042 | |
| 2024-05-01 | TVC John Glenn vs. Swan Valley/Alma | 400m | 55.03 | 3rd · 3rd on team | — | -0.024 | |
| 2024-04-24 | TVC - Alma/Freeland/Garber | 400m | 52.86 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.019 | PR SR |
| 2024-04-17 | TVC Frankenmuth/Alma/Bridgeport | pv | NH | — | — | -0.034 | |
| 2024-04-17 | TVC Frankenmuth/Alma/Bridgeport | 800m | 2:12.81 | 4th · 1st on team | 113.8 | -0.034 | |
| 2024-02-17 | SVSU - MITS Meet #5 | 200m | 24.63 | 61st · 2nd on team | — | -0.041 | ★PR SR |
| 2024-02-10 | 13th Annual SVSU - MITS Distance Fest | 1mile | 4:53.49 | 63rd · 1st on team | 114.4 | -0.041 | ★PR SR |
| 2024-02-04 | Central Michigan MITS Meet | 400m | 55.11 | 6th · 1st on team | — | -0.031 | |
| 2024-02-04 | Central Michigan MITS Meet | 800m | 2:09.68 | 4th · 2nd on team | 116.6 | -0.031 | |
| 2024-01-27 | GVSU MITS #4 | 800m | 2:05.62 | 21st · 3rd on team | 119.0 | -0.042 | SR RSR |
| 2024-01-27 | GVSU - MITS #4 | 800m | 2:05.62 | 21st · 3rd on team | 119.0 | -0.042 | |
| 2024-01-21 | University of Michigan HS Invitational | 400m | 54.44 | 35th · 14th on team | — | -0.039 | SR |
| 2024-01-21 | University of Michigan HS Invitational | 800m | 2:17.16 | 67th · 31st on team | 109.8 | -0.039 | |
| 2024-01-06 | SVSU - MITS Meet #2 | 800m | 2:08.67 | 22nd · 4th on team | 116.3 | -0.041 | SR RSR |
2023 TF
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-05-26 | 2023 MITCA D2 Team State | 400m | 52.98 | 11th · 1st on team | — | -0.034 | PR SR |
| 2023-05-19 | MHSAA LP Region 11-2 @ Shepherd | pv | SCR | — | — | -0.042 | |
| 2023-05-19 | MHSAA LP Region 11-2 @ Shepherd | 400m | 54.56 | 9th · 2nd on team | — | -0.042 | |
| 2023-05-12 | Alma Panther Invitational | pv | 9-00.00 | — | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-05-12 | Alma Panther Invitational | 400m | 56.79 | 16th · 3rd on team | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-05-10 | TVC8 Championships | pv | 10' 6 | — | — | -0.025 | |
| 2023-05-10 | TVC8 Championships | 400m | 54.73 | 8th · 2nd on team | — | -0.025 | |
| 2023-05-05 | 2023 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite | pv | NH | — | — | -0.042 | |
| 2023-05-05 | 2023 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite | 400m | 53.25 | 5th · 1st on team | — | -0.042 | PR SR |
| 2023-05-03 | Birch Run at Alma HS | pv | 8' 6 | — | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-05-03 | Birch Run at Alma HS | 800m | 2:13.29 | 2nd · 2nd on team | 114.4 | -0.030 | |
| 2023-04-26 | TVC - John Glenn/Swan Valley @ Alma | pv | 9-00.00 | — | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-04-26 | TVC - John Glenn/Swan Valley @ Alma | 400m | 54.52 | 2nd · 1st on team | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-04-21 | Pewamo-Westphalia Invitational | pv | 9' 0 | — | — | -0.031 | |
| 2023-04-21 | Pewamo-Westphalia Invitational | 400m | 54.1 | 4th · 1st on team | — | -0.031 | |
| 2023-04-19 | TVC8 Freeland, Garber, Alma | pv | 9' 1 | — | — | -0.025 | |
| 2023-04-19 | TVC8 Freeland, Garber, Alma | 800m | 2:05.73 | 1st · 1st on team | 121.0 | -0.025 | RSR |
| 2023-04-14 | St. Louis Invitational | 400m | 53.64 | 5th · 1st on team | — | -0.021 | PR SR |
| 2023-04-12 | Frankenmuth/Bridgeport at Alma HS | pv | 8-00.00 | — | — | -0.030 | |
| 2023-04-12 | Frankenmuth/Bridgeport at Alma HS | 400m | 54.2 | 3rd · 1st on team | — | -0.030 | SR |
| 2023-02-18 | SVSU - MITS Meet #6 | 1600m | 5:18.57 | 71st · 46th on team | 104.8 | -0.041 | PR SR |
| 2023-02-11 | SVSU 12th Annual MITS Indoor Distance Festival | 800m | 2:04.49 | 24th · 16th on team | 120.4 | -0.041 | PR SR RSR |
| 2023-02-05 | CMU - MITS Meet #1 | 200m | 25.67 | 15th · 2nd on team | — | -0.034 | PR SR |
| 2023-01-21 | SVSU - MITS Meet #4 | 400m | 55.71 | 17th · 1st on team | — | -0.041 | SR |
| 2023-01-14 | SVSU - MITS Meet #3 | 800m | 2:10.05 | 23rd · 12th on team | 115.2 | -0.041 | PR SR RSR |
| 2023-01-14 | SVSU - MITS Meet #3 | 400m | 55.92 | 17th · 6th on team | — | -0.041 | SR |
2022 TF
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-05-31 | 2022 Mid Michigan Meet of Champions | 400m | 54.98 | 4th · 1st on team | — | -0.042 | |
| 2022-05-25 | TVC-8 League Championship | 400m | 53.82 | 6th · 1st on team | — | -0.034 | PR SR |
| 2022-05-21 | MHSAA LP Region 11-2 @ Charlevoix (was Gaylord) | 400m | 55.47 | 9th · 1st on team | — | -0.027 | PR SR |
| 2022-05-13 | Alma Panther Invitational | 400m | 55.89 | 9th · 1st on team | — | -0.030 | PR SR |
| 2022-05-11 | Freeland/John Glenn/Alma | pv | 7' 0 | — | — | -0.025 | |
| 2022-05-11 | Freeland/John Glenn/Alma | 400m | 56.59 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.025 | |
| 2022-05-06 | 2022 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite | pv | NH | — | — | -0.042 | |
| 2022-05-06 | 2022 Shepherd BLUEJAY Invite | 400m | 56.37 | 14th · 1st on team | — | -0.042 | |
| 2022-05-04 | TVC-8 Alma/Birch Run/Frankenmuth @ Frankenmuth | pv | 8' 0 | — | — | -0.034 | |
| 2022-05-04 | TVC-8 Alma/Birch Run/Frankenmuth @ Frankenmuth | 400m | 57.87 | 2nd · 1st on team | — | -0.034 | |
| 2022-04-27 | BRIDGEPORT & ALMA, MILLINGTON, STANDISH | 400m | 59.14 | 4th · 1st on team | — | -0.013 | |
| 2022-04-20 | Alma / Swan Valley at Garber HS | pv | 7-06.00 | — | — | -0.019 | |
| 2022-04-20 | Alma / Swan Valley at Garber HS | 400m | 56.3 | 3rd · 1st on team | — | -0.019 | PR SR |
| 2022-04-14 | St. Louis Invitational | pv | 8-06.00 | — | — | -0.021 | |
| 2022-04-14 | St. Louis Invitational | 400m | 58.81 | 5th · 1st on team | — | -0.021 | SR |
| 2022-03-24 | SVSU D2 Indoor Invitational | pv | NH | — | — | -0.041 |
2021 TF
| Date | Meet | Event | Result | Place | Rating | Difficulty | PR/SR Flags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-06-02 | Mid Michigan MEGASTAR Meet | pv | 7-06.00 | — | — | -0.042 | |
| 2021-06-02 | Mid Michigan MEGASTAR Meet | 400m | 57.52 | 8th · 1st on team | — | -0.042 | PR SR |
| 2021-05-27 | Pewamo-Westphalia MS "Last Chance" Meet | pv | 9' 0 | — | — | -0.031 | |
| 2021-05-27 | Pewamo-Westphalia MS "Last Chance" Meet | 400m | 58.27 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.031 | PR SR |
| 2021-05-18 | TVC 8 Divisional | pv | 9' 0 | — | — | -0.024 | |
| 2021-05-18 | TVC 8 Divisional | 800m | 2:23.23 | 3rd · 1st on team | 129.3 | -0.024 | PR SR RSR |
| 2021-05-11 | Freeland / John Glenn at Alma MS | pv | 7-00.00 | — | — | -0.030 | |
| 2021-05-11 | Freeland / John Glenn at Alma MS | 800m | 2:23.38 | 1st · 1st on team | 128.9 | -0.030 | PR SR RSR |
| 2021-05-04 | TVC Tri: Alma/ Swan Valley/ St. Louis | 1600m | 5:19.33 | 2nd · 1st on team | 127.5 | -0.021 | PR SR RSR |
| 2021-04-27 | TVC: Alma @ Hemlock | 400m | 1:03.01 | 1st · 1st on team | — | -0.037 | PR SR |
| 2021-04-22 | Ithaca and Nouvel at Alma | 800m | 2:38.24 | 2nd · 2nd on team | 116.5 | -0.030 | PR SR RSR |